Shuttering for use in building structures of concrete or like material



Patented Apr. 24, 1945 Ttmct I SHUTTERING FOR USE IN BUILDING STRUC- TURES OF CONCRETE. --OR RIAL LIKE MATE- Percy Noel ldreive, Liphook: England, asslgnor of one-third to Henry hook, England Lawrence Pearson, Lip? I Application November 1, 1943, Serial no. 508,548

In Great Britain February 11,1943' 1 i Claims. (cree -gin) The present invention relates to shuttering for use in buildingstructures of concrete orlike material, and has for its chief object to provide an improved system of shuttering.

With the above object in view the present invention consists in a system of shuttering for use in building structures of concrete or like material, comprising. a plurality ofuprights each consisting of several relatively short lengths detachably connectable together, said uprights whenin operative positionbeing spaced apart. in rows, on opposite sides of the structure to be built, means for temporarily securing each length to the structure 'as it is formed, oppositely facing ,vertical channels in said uprights, and a shuttering p nel mounted for vertical movement between adjacent uprights in each row by engagement of its opposite; ends in the channels of adjacent uprights.

Preferably means are mounted upon each panel ior efiecting positive lateral movement of the panel into and out of a position with its operative face aligned with ,the operativefaces of adjacent u h s {Ifhe present invention further consists in an adjustable shuttering panel, comprising parts which are slidable with respect to one another to'jvary; the length of thepaneland means ,for efiecting relative sliding movement of said parts. In order that the present invention may be more clearly understood and readily carried into 0 effect reference may now be had to the accompanying drawings illustrating the same byway of eigample and in which v Fig. 1 is an elevational view illustrating diagrammatically the use-of the system of shuttering according to the present invention for iorming a wall having a right angled corner in it.

, is a plan view of Fig. 1. a v Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the arrangernent shown in Figs. 1 and 2, a a I gFig. flis a View illustratinglin ageneral way the 'use of the system according t -the prese nt inven- :-Fig. Eris a plan view illustratingthe use ofjthe system of the present invention for the iormation of-,;cur,ved structureasuch as chimneys.

Fig. (iis; a view illustrating adetail of the system of the present invention, H 1

, Fig. 7 is a rear elevationalview of an alternative form of shuttering panel. 4 Fig. 8 is a plan View of the shuttering panel shown in Fig. 7, and 3 I 1 Figs. 9 to 12 illustrate an alternative construc tional form of adjustable panel, Fig Q being an edge or plan view of the. parts separated,

azrear; elevational 'VieW1-0f the parts separated, Fig. 11 rear elevational view of the panel adjusted in one position and Fig; 12 a cross sectional view on 1ine; .XI.Iof Fi 1.

; :Fig.;13 illustrates a rear elevational view'of an ad-J'ustable panel with taper pieces attached to it for useiin, the formation of'battered structures.

"Fig. lisa plan view illustrating an alternative form of 'meansi-for adjusting thespacing of 'the nr htsgl; and. Ai 'eech m e esPe a equal a art.,ofie d na v ,of a l n e ch nnriehtl n Q le ro i d m edd e l pv i a ri L nih ot er. j Hewe this is notpossible'at a corner. The distances between adjacent uprights in each row, except at a corner, are the same and correspond to the lengthspi standard-shutteringpanels. The distances between adjacent suprightsin the two rows are, diiierent iron; one another at a corner as shown. Uprights l, 2 which are opposlte one another are preferably linked together by cross stays 3 which may be either of fixed length to suit ant desired thiclgne'ss of the wallIbr adjustable asjshowL-so that vthey may be adaptedto suit walls, oi'diiierent'thicknesses, A a

; The uprights 1,2. are shown as built up of channel irons} 4, 5 in convenient lengths, bolted or otherwise 'ldetac'hably' secured together back to backand placed so that the webs'of the channel irons,- are at right angles .',to the lengthof. the pridbe eziwau- The first two lengths 6, 1 of channel-iron .eachfliipright areof unequal length so the uppererids thereof lbreak joint andiiacilitat the connection of additional lengths to'any 0 them ,intneu rigntsft'z and itiis to he i eriO r br i'i stood that, the numberjoffbolts s ediand the question whether they are to be 'used in connect oewiih e -se fi' fii. b he i r vi d t- 5 1212 l g fi 1 .113? in th hand.- fIhe bolts -8 are of s ch length as to project a substantial distance into the space to be filled with concrete or like material and each has means 9, such as a nut, detachably secured thereon, as by screwing. Before the concrete or like material is placed in position the projecting portions of the bolts between the channel irons 4, 5 or 6, 1 and the means 9 may be wrapped with paper, greased or otherwise treated to prevent adherence of the concrete or other material thereto and to facilitate ready removal of the bolts 8 after the concrete or other material has set. The means 9 are, however, not so wrapped or treated and are intended to remain firmly embedded in the concrete or other material when set. bolts 8. and means 9 embedded in the concrete or other material provide a secure anchorage for the uprights 4, 5.

The uprights 4, 5, in addition to being braced together in pairs by the cross stays 3, are also braced by stringers l0, such as angle irons, which extend horizontally and connect uprights in the same row. The stringers 10 may be long enough to span any convenient number of spaces between thereto. For this purpose th clip I3 is secured.

by rivets or the like 14, which pass through an elongated hole I5 in the stringer HI, to one flange of an angle iron it which may be moved to bring clip l3 into and out of engagement with the upright by means of a bolt which bears in a hole in an angle iron l8 fixed to the stringer l0 and co-operates with'a nut 19. The cross stays 3 andstringers l0 retain the uprights on each side of the proposed wall properly alignedand in a vertical positionto receive a row of shuttering panels 20. Each shuttering, panel 20 spans the distance between a pair of adjacent uprights and its opposite ends engage inthe grooves of the channel irons. i

The shuttering panels 20 may be of any convenient constructional form. As shown in the drawings each panel comprises a thin metal plate 2| of any convenient height and long enough to span the distance between two adjacent uprights with a small clearance at each end stiffened by means of angle irons 22 secured thereto, as by welding or flush riveting. "In the drawings the plate 2| is hown as being stiffened by two vertically disposed angle irons 22, one'of which is positioned at or near each endof the plate; and three longitudinally extending angle irons two or which are positioned at or near the upper and lower longitudinal edges respectively and the third about midway of the width of the plate-2| as shown. The two outer vertically disposed angle irons are set so as'to project beyond the ends of the plate 2| and'thearrangement and proportioning of the several parts is such that when the panel 2!) is pressed towards the proposed wall vertical flanges of the two angle ir'ons positioned near the ends of the plate abut the innner-faces of the flanges of the channel irons forming the uprights and'the surface of the plate has in a common plane with the outer surfaces of the channel irons constitutingtheuprights, as shown mer.

in the drawings. The position just described is that which the panels occupy when the concrete or like material is being placed in position and may be termed the operative position of the panels.

To enable the panels 20 to be moved laterally into and 'out of operative position cams 23 may be pivotally mounted on the two vertical angle irons of each panel as shown, each cam 23 being provided with a handle 24 by means of which the cam may be caused to engage with either of the inner faces of the flanges of the adjacent channel iron to cause lateral movement of the panel to or from its operative position. Instead of using cams for this purpose the same or a similar result may be obtained by the use of screws, bolts 0r sliding wedges operated by a lever or by a ham- In Figs. and 16 the manner of mounting and using screw threaded bolts for effecting lateral adjustment ofthe panel is shown. In this case each bolt 25 engages with a nut 26 secured between oneflange of an angle iron 21 fastened to one of the vertical angle irons of the panel and a filler piece 2!! bearing on or attached to the vertical angle iron of the panel 20. The bolt 25 projects freely through holes in the angle iron 21, thefiller piece 28 and the vertical angle iron of the panel. With this construction by rotating bolts 25 mounted as described at each end of a panel the opposite ends of the bolts may be caused to engage with either of the inner faces of the flanges of adjacent channel irons to cause lateral movement of the panel to or from its I operative position. As shown in Fig. 16 the flange of angle iron 21 may be cut away in the region of the bolt 25 to facilitate rotation thereof.

To avoid risk. of a panel 20 dropping to the ground, for instance while being adjusted'to a new position; safety catches 29 may be-provided 'at each end of each panel. These catches 29 are preferably arranged to act as pawls and by their own weight automatically to engage with the nearest bolts 8 below should the panel drop by accident. The catches 29 can be held up by hand when it is desired to lower a panel 20. The position of the safety catches 29 maybe so arranged 'in relation to the bolts 8 that the two will engage when a panel is in its operative position.

To form a cornerthe' channel irons of one of the uprights of the row cn'the inner side of the proposed wall may be placed at right angles to one another as shown at 30 in Figs. 2 and 3 instead of being bolted together back to back as hereinbefore described. Rigidity of the channel irons in this position may be obtained, flrstly, by bolting an angle iron 3| to both of the channel irons and, secondly, by bolting a gusset plate 32 to the stringers I0. The completion of the-shuttering at the inner side of the proposed wall may be effected in a variety of ways. For example, in the case of a sharp right angled corner, an angle iron 33 having lugs 34 welded or riveted thereto may be removably attached by studs passing through th adjacent channel iron as shown in Fig. 2, whilst in the case of a bevelled corner a part shaped as shown at 35 in Fig. 6 may be connected to the angle iron 31. For a rounded corner the shape of the part 35 shown in Fig. 6 may be modified as shown in dotted lines in that figure.

"Modification of the shuttering on the 'outer side of the proposed wall is also necessary, and in this case as well the channel irons cr me of the uprights may, if a right angle corner is desired, be placed at right angles to one another as any other convenient manner.

Although in the foregoing description the formation of a straight :wallhas been described it is to be understood that structures other than straight walls may be formed by suitable dispositions of the uprights, or by the use of shuttering of suitable form. For example, the system of the present invention may be used to form cylindrical or polygonal shafts ortowers. -In Fig. 5 the system is shown as applied in the case of a curved structure, such as a circular shaft. In this case the channel irons constituting the uprights l, 2, are set in the required positions and curved shuttering panels 20 and stringers ID are employed. Otherwise the arrangement is substantially the same as that already described.

Instead of using uprights made up of channel irons as described the uprights may be formed in Similarly the shuttering panels may be made other than as hereinbefore described.

The system of shuttering described is equally adaptable to three methods of advancing the shutters, (a) the sliding system wherein the shuttering is advanced continuously or at frequent intervals while concrete is placed continuously, the rate of progress upwards and the depth of shuttering in use being so adjusted that the concrete will be sufficiently set before losing the support of the upward moving shuttering, (b) the climbing" system in which the upward move of a horizontal row of shutters is intermittent and alternates with the placing of fresh concrete, sufiicient idle intervals being allowed for the concrete to set before each move of the shutters, and (c) the leapfrog system in which two or more horizontal rows of shutters are superimposed and the shutters forming the lower row are from time to time released and refixed on top of the other row or rows thus permitting the continuous placing of concrete without the necessity of sliding shuttering against the face of fresh unset concrete. I

It is believed that the system according to the present invention has-the following advantages, namely, (a) the absence of small loose parts which are so easily dropped, lost or mislaid; (b) the absence of any rakers or outside supports for the shuttering which is entirely selfsupporting; (c) the avoidance of scaffolding. Working platforms for the men engaged on concreting can be carried by the uprights which are securely attached to the structure, These uprights may be removed as the work proceeds and be replaced at successively higher levels after each lift is completed. A chimney stack, silo or water tower could be thus carried to any height with a minimum of temporary plant; (d) the ease and speed with which the shuttering can be repeatedly used and raised for cleaning and refixed at successive levels as the work proceeds, with a minimum of movement, since the panels can remain between the uprights the whole time and for all these purposes; (e) the ease with which the shuttering can be kept in true alignment as the work proceeds and with which true alignment can be checked, and, if necessary, corrected from time to time by means of wedges placed between the channel iron uprights and the face of the structures; and (f) the small amount of shuttering required since all is in use and none left idle merely to serve as a support.

What I claim is: p

1. A system of shuttering for use in building structures of concrete or like material, comprising a plurality of uprights each consisting of several relativelyshortlengths detachably connectable together,- said uprights when in operative position being spaced apart in rowson oppoe site sides of the structures to be built, means for temporarily securing each length to the structure as it is formed, oppositely facing vertical channels in said uprights, and a shuttering panel mounted for vertical movement betweenadjacent uprights in each row by engagement of its opposite ends in the channels of adjacent uprights. 2. A system of shuttering for use in building structures of concrete or like material, comprising a plurality of uprights, each consisting of several relatively short lengths detachably connectable together, said uprights when in operative position being spaced apart in rows on opposite sides of the structures to be built, means for temporarily securing each length to the structure as it is formed, oppositely facing vertical channels in said uprights, a shuttering panel mounted for vertical movement between adjacent uprights in each row by engagement of its opposite ends in the channels of adjacent uprights, and means mounted on each panel for effecting positive lateral movement of the panels into and out of a position with its operative face aligned with the operative faces of adjacent uprights.

3. A system of shuttering for use in building structures of concrete or like material; comprising a plurality of uprights each consisting of relatively short lengths detachably' connectable together, said uprights when in operative position being spaced in rows on opposite sidesof the structure to be built, bolts extending through the uprights at intervals, nuts threaded on said bolts, said nuts becoming permanently embedded in the structure, and a shuttering panel mounted for vertical movement between adjacent uprights in each row by engagement of its opposite ends in the channels of adjacent uprights.

4. A system of shuttering for use in building structures of concrete or like material, comprising a plurality of uprights each consisting of relatively short lengths detachably connectable together, said uprights when in operative position being spaced in rows on opposite sides of the structure to be built, bolts extending through the uprights at intervals, nuts threaded in said bolts, said nuts becoming permanently embedded in the structure, a shuttering panel mounted.

for vertical movement between adjacent uprights in each row by engagement of its opposite ends in the channels of adjacent uprights, and means mounted on eachpanel for effecting positive lateral movement of the panels into and out of a position 'with its operative faces aligned with the operative faces of adjacent uprights. I

5. A system of shuttering for use in building structure of concrete or like material, comprising a plurality of uprights each consisting of several relatively short lengths detachably connectable together, said uprights when in operative position being spaced apart in rows on opposite sides of the structure to be built, means for temporarily securing each length to the structure as it is formed, oppositely facing vertical channels in said uprights, and a shuttering panel mounted for vertical movement between adjacent uprights in each row by engagement of its opposite ends in the channels of adjacent uprights, said panel including a facing plate of sufficient length to bridge the space between adjacent uprights, and angle irons secured to said plate to stiffen the same and projecting at opshown at 36 inFigs. 2 and 3 and connected by an angle iron 31 to give rigidity; gusset lplates 38-may also be secured to the stringers lfl to give additional rigidity. If a curved or bevelled corner is desired the channel irons may be spaced apart and a suitably shaped member connected to them.

To providgfor the formation. of structures, such as walls of various lengths, a selection of panels 20 of various dimensions may be provided, but to avoid the need for a great number of these an adjustable panel or panels may be used. One form of such a panel is shown in Figs. 7i and 8 and comprises two parts 39 and 40 which are slidable. with respect to one another. Each part comprises a thin facing plate 4|, 42 and suit ably disposed angle irons for stifiening purposes. Means, such as threadedrods 43, 44, engaging with each part, may-be provided for effecting relative movement of the parts 39, 40 whilst nuts and bolts 45 may be provided for locking the parts in any desired position of adjustment.

An alternative form of adjustable panel is shown in Figs. 9 to 12 inclusive. The. panel comprises two parts 46, 41 each comprising a thin metal plate 48stifiened at the edges byv channel irons 49. The flanges of the upper and lower channel irons of one part ar cut away as shown in Figs. 9 and and the upper and lower channel irons are so positioned relativelyto the corresponding channel irons of the'other 'part that the resulting projecting portion 50, 5| seat in the channel irons of the other part and tend to stiffen the panel against relativelateral move-. ment of the parts. Each part is provided with a vertically disposed angle iron 52 and means, such as threaded rods like the rods 43,44 of the arrangement shown, in Figs. 7 and 8, in engagement with the angle irons 52, for effecting relative longitudinalmovement of the parts 46, 41. The two parts may be locked in any position ,ofrelativ adjustment by'nut and bolts 54 which project through elongated holes in the up per and lower channel irons associated with each part.

secttaper pieces 55 may be secured to the 0P- posite ends of an adjustable panel like that shown in Figs. 7 to 12, as shown in Fig. 13. .',The angle or 'taper of the piecesSEmay be as necessary to suit the workinh'and- .In the uselof, a system of shuttering asabove described uprights l, 2 each consisting of lengths 6, 1 of channeliron of unequal length are first arrangedin rows on opposite sides of. the structure at appropriate distances' apa'rt and are then linked together by ,cross' stay 3 and stringers l0 after having. been adjusted for spacing andyerticality.

A shutteringpanelis then placed in posi-.

tionbetween each pair of adjacent uprights l, 2 and lowered to the lowest position; i-.- e," onto the ground on-a footing provided'for the struc--,

ture, so as to form amould into which; concrete or .like material can;-be placedl Each panel 20 is'then adjusted by meansof'the, cams-23, bolts orthe like into operative position after which placing. of the COIICIEIIBHOI :likematerial takes place. After the concrete ha set or partially set the cams 23, bolts-25 or the-like are operated to move the panels 20 awayfromthe face of the concrete or othenmateriaLand' the panels 20 can then be raised intofltheinnext position in which their lowerxedges should overlap ,slightly the top .ct .the-icqncreteyorother material;- which For use in formingbattered walls which inter-.

has just set or partially. set. The panels.20 are thenadjusted by operation of the cams 23, bolts 25 or the like into operative position and more concrete or like material is placed into the mould formed by the several panel 20 in their new positions. When thisiurther, concrete .or like material has set or partially set the panels 20 are moved laterally of thestructure byoperation of the. cams 23, bolts 25.,or the like and raised to a further new position and the procedure described is repeated until ;,a wall of the desired height has been formed. .1 a

The lowermost lengthsv 6, 1 of.channe1 iron constitutingthe uprights I, 2 do not extend the whole height of the wall to be formed, but are, in fact, of short length relative to such height and may, for instance, only be long enough to accommodate two lifts of th panels 20. It is .therefore necessary to secure additional lengths of channel iron to the lengths 6, I as, the formation of the wall proceeds, and to link such additional lengths together by cross stays 3 and stringers I0 asdescribed in connection with the length 6, 7. As the height of the Wall rises the lowermost lengths 6, l of channel ironare no longer required and may be removed and used to increase the height of the uprights. In fact as the height of the wall rises the lower lengths of channel iron may be removed and re-used as described in the case of the lowermost'lengths'fi, 7. It will be appreciated that each length. of upright is firmly secured to the wall as it is formed by the bolts 8 and means Y9, and that the shuttering "climbs up the wall as the height of the wall increases in the manner shown in a general way in Fig. 4 in which. the two lengths of uprights shown in dot and pick lines have been removed for re-use when required on the ends-of the uprights shown in full lines.

Owing to the fact that the uprights I, 2 are firmly secured to the wall as'it is formed no scaffolding is required to support the shuttering with the result that great economy in the use of material is achieved. Further, the whole of the parts with the exception of the means 9 are removable and available for re-use.

In some cases owing to the size and weight of the shuttering panels employed it may be desirable to use lifting tackle to raise the panels from one position to another and such tackle may, in the system according'to the invention. be detachably connected to the uprights as shown at 5B in Fig. 4.

Further, inthe system according to the present invention the shuttering panels 20 may be adapted to be moved continuously. the necessary lifting gear being secured'to the uprights in a manner similar to that described in the preceding paragraph. In this case the cams 23, bolts 25 or the like might be replaced by rollers or shoes to facilitate movement of the panels with respect to the uprights. 1 g -It will be noted that when lifting tackle is used for the panels such tackleislocated close to the uprights sees not to interfere withthe work of men placing theconcrete'in the mould formed by the shuttering, l g r a The uprights I, 2 may also be used, if kept well in advance of the shuttering panels 20, to provide a means for supporting any reinforcement, such as a steel network, that may be required in the wall, or for the attachment of a light derrick for hoisting concrete or other material up to the working position, or for supporting a platform to posite side edges of the plate for engagement in said channels.

6. A system of shuttering for use in building structures of concrete or like material, comprising a plurality of uprights each consisting of several relatively short lengths detachably connectable together, said uprights when in operative position being spaced apart in rows on opposite sides of the structures to be built, means for temporarily securing each length to the structure as it is formed, oppositely facing vertical channels in said uprights, and a shuttering panel mounted for vertical movement between adjacent uprights in each row by engagement of its opposite ends in the channels of adjacent uprights, said panel including a facing plate of sufiicient length to bridge the space between adjacent uprights and angle irons secured to said plate to stiffen the same and projecting at opposite side edges of the plate for engagement in said channels, and means mounted on each panel for effecting positive lateral movement of the panels into and out of a position with its operative face aligned with the operative faces of adjacent uprights.

7. A system of shuttering for use in building structures of concrete or like material, comprising a plurality of uprights each consisting of several relatively short lengths detachably connectable together, said uprights when in operative position being spaced apart in rows on opposite sides of the structures to be built, means for temporarily securing each length to the structure as it is formed, oppositely facing vertical channels in said uprights, a shuttering panel mounted for vertical movement between adjacent uprights in each row by engagement of its opposite ends in the channels of adjacent uprights, and safety means for automatically arresting undesired vertical movement of the panels.

structures of concrete or like material, compris-.

8. A system of shuttering for use in building ing a plurality of upright each consisting of relatively short lengths detachably connectable together, said uprights when in operative position being spaced in rows on opposite sides of the structure to be built, bolts extending through the uprights at intervals, nuts threaded on said bolts, said nuts becoming permanently embedded in the structure, a shuttering panel mounted for vertical movement between adjacent uprights in each row by engagement of its opposite ends in the channels of adjacent uprights, and pawllike catches mounted on the panels for automatically engaging said bolts and preventing undesired movement of the panels.

9. A system as claimed in claim 1 in which each upright comprises lengths of channel iron bolted back to back.

10. A system of shuttering for use in building structures of concrete or like material, comprising a plurality of uprights each consisting of relatively short lengths of channel iron bolted back to back, said uprights when in operative position being spaced apart in rows on opposite sides of the structure to be built, bolts extending through said uprights at intervals, nuts threaded on said bolts, said nuts becoming firmly embedded in said structure, a shuttering panel mounted for vertical movement between adjacent uprights in each row by engagement of its opposite ends in the channels of adjacent uprights, cam means mounted upon each panel for moving said panel laterally into and out of operative position by engagement with the flanges of the channel iron, and safety catches mounted upon each panel for automatically engaging said bolts.

PERCY NOEL OLDREIVE. 

